Inter-module connections in modular construction: A comprehensive review and classification

The object of the research is inter-module connections in modular construction, whose demand is growing as modular systems are increasingly implemented in building construction. The diversity of design solutions and the lack of a standardized classification, however, complicate their systematization and application in practice. Current review articles either focus on a limited range of connection types or provide broad classifications, lacking the depth needed to fully cover various aspects of connection design and functionality. The study aimed to address the need for a comprehensive approach by developing a detailed and structured classification of inter-module connections and conducting an in-depth review and analysis of various connection types. Method. A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus, Google Scholar, and eLibrary to gather relevant sources. Subsequently, a bibliometric analysis and keyword content analysis were performed on the collected literature using VOSviewer. Results. The study proposes a new, detailed classification of inter-module connections, considering design characteristics and connection methods. Additionally, a thorough analysis was conducted on specific connection types, including welded, bolted, self-locking, and tie-rod connections, with an evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses under different construction conditions. A comparative analysis was also conducted based on parameters such as load-bearing capacity, deformation resistance, assembly speed, and ease of installation. The study identifies distinct features that influence connection selection based on project-specific requirements, thereby contributing to the systematic understanding of modular construction.