Breakwaters with protective filling

Trouble-free operation of marine hydraulic engineering structures installed in various climatic conditions of Russia depends on the accurate and reliable methods of their design. Reasonable choice of design solutions will optimize the value of the projected structures and ensure their safety, both during construction and operation. The objective of this study is to compare the different options of designs of breakwaters with protective filling. The following variants: sloping type of riprap; the shells of large diameter or double-row design with protective filling from seaside are considered. The common element for all variants – riprap or concrete block filling, designed to protect the foundation from scour and reduce the loads from wave action. The schemes of listed above structures of protecting structures, methods of its calculation and design are examined. Based on the comparison of variants the most economical and safe design will be offered.