AlfaBuild

REV RUS 1601-1601 56227381900 0000-0003-2673-4566 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Nemova Darya Viktorovna nemova_dv@spbstu.ru

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

ABE-1858-2021 57208300172 0000-0003-0031-7270 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russian Federation Vasileva Irina Leonidovna vasilievaa_irina@mail.ru

195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29

Complex Use of the PIV Method. A Review Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), the latest method of digital tracer visualization is used for a wide range of practical and fundamental problems in modeling non-stationary turbulent reacting flows. It is based on a high-precision optical measurement system for measuring instantaneous flow velocity fields in laboratory conditions. The method is an innovative; accordingly, it requires a comprehensive analysis to identify its advantages and disadvantages, as well as to find poorly studied areas for the purpose of their feature research. The paper presents many options for using the PIV method - in wind energy, in medicine, in aircraft and mechanical engineering, in heating and ventilation systems, even in the field of sports (swimming). Facade structures have not been studied with this method yet. 10.34910/ALF.16.1 69 Turbulent flows eddy flows tracer visualization flow velocity PIV method heat engineering wind energy HVAC https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2021.16.1/ 1601_1.pdf

REV RUS 1602-1602 0000-0003-3575-4665 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Cisse Mamady mamadycisse08@gmail.com

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

0000-0002-0200-9792 LLC Modular Constructions Kosterev Demid Anatolievich info@modulbau.ru

Moscow, Russian Federation

ABE-1858-2021 57208300172 0000-0003-0031-7270 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Kotliarskaia Irina Leonidovna iravassilek@mail.ru

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

56227381900 0000-0003-2673-4566 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Nemova Darya Viktorovna nemova_dv@spbstu.ru

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Design of Modular Structures and Use of Prefabricated Sanitary Modules. A Review Modular structures can be seen as a game-changing technology, as they provide faster construction, safer production, better quality control, cost-effectiveness, and lower environmental impact compared to traditional on-site construction. These advantages can be maximized in the construction of high-rise buildings or in the construction of large residential areas consisting of houses with typical architectural solutions. With a combined annual growth rate of 5.69%, the modular construction market is projected to expand to a market value of $ 154.8 million by the end of 2023. Traditional design and modular design differ in many aspects, including design, collaboration, logistics, and others. The technical challenges associated with the widespread adoption of modular design offer potential solutions for future research. The article considers an example of using a prefabricated sanitary unit with various components, and also presents a calculation of economic efficiency. 10.34910/ALF.16.2 69 Plumbing module Modular construction Economic efficiency Sanitary modules Block modules Bulk blocks Industrial construction Reconstruction https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2021.16.2/ 1602.pdf

RAR RUS 1603-1603 H-9967-2013 16412815600 0000-0002-8588-3871 Moscow Power Engineering Institute Kirsanov Mikhail Nikolaevich mpei2004@yandex.ru

Moscow, Russian Federation

Static Deflection of a Quadrangular Rod Pyramid: An Analytical Solution The object of the study is a spatial statically determinate truss in the form of a regular quadrangular pyramid. Along the entire perimeter of the base, the truss has vertical support posts. One corner unit is fixed on spherical support, one on cylindrical support, the others only on vertical posts. The analytical dependence of the deflection of the top of the pyramid on the number of panels at its base is derived. The load distributed over the edges and the vertical concentrated force at the vertex are considered. Method. The deflection is calculated using Mohr's integral. To determine the forces in the rods and the reactions of the supports, a system of equilibrium equations for all nodes in the projection on the coordinate axis is compiled. To generalize a series of partial solutions for trusses with a different number of panels, the induction method and operators of the Maple computer mathematics system are used. Results. A compact formula for the dependence of the deflection on the number of panels is obtained. The two coefficients of the formula have the form of polynomials in the number of panels of degree no higher than the second. The horizontal asymptote of the solution is found. Formulas are derived for the most compressed (in the edges of the structure) and the most stretched (in the base) rods. 10.34910/ALF.16.3 69 Truss Pyramid Analytical Solution Deflection Maple Induction https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2021.16.3/

REV RUS 1604-1604 0000-0002-5014-4569 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Smirnova Anna Sergeevna anna060695@mail.ru

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

0000-0002-3125-7234 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Pollytechnic University Meles Ayan a.baidildinov@bk.ru

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

56227381900 0000-0003-2673-4566 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Nemova Darya Viktorovna nemova_dv@spbstu.ru

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene: A Review The article considers a material based on a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE film). Due to the fact that the variety of roofing and facade transparent materials in modern construction is quite large, the justification of energy-efficient material is possible with an integrated approach. Technical parameters of the building envelope, the comparative analysis of the translucent roofing materials studied applications in the global construction, studied the market of material and draw conclusions about the relevance and effectiveness of the design. 10.34910/ALF.16.4 69 Polymers Building Materials Energy Efficiency Innovative Material Translucent Structure Enclosing Structure ETFE https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2021.16.4/

REV RUS 1605-1605 56352359500 0000-0002-5156-7352 Volgograd State Technical University Korniyenko Sergey Valeryevich svkorn2009@yandex.ru

Volgograd, Russian Federation

0000-0003-4888-7117 Volgograd State Technical University Dikareva Ekaterina Aleksandrovna ea.dikareva@gmail.ru

Volgograd, Russian Federation

Generation, Development and Mitigation of the Urban Heat Island: A Review Data on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon are systematized. The main causes of the UHI and its possible consequences have been researched. The main reason for the increase in urban air temperature is the formation of fundamentally different temperature-humidity and air conditions in the urban development due to a change in the land use structure compared to the adjacent territory. Heat and mass transfer processes in the urban environment are closely interconnected. As settlements grow, the UHI effect is increased. In a temperate climate with hot, dry summers, the mechanisms of the UHI are not sufficiently studied. It is shown that a new paradigm of urban planning is needed, based on the harmonious relationship between man and the environment. Urban planning strategies aimed at the broad application of green infrastructure can significantly reduce the energy demand of cities in the summer while providing new green areas for people. The reduction is especially distinctly in megacities in which residential apartment buildings make up a significant part of the development. TIt is necessary to monitor the outdoor climate at various points in the city to determine the actual meteorological characteristics. The measurements serve as a baseline for mathematical simulation of the urban climate. According to the research results, concrete proposals can be made to form a comfortable energy-efficient environment for city residents. Such research is relevant and promising. 10.34910/ALF.16.5 69 Concretes Calibration Computer simulation Constitutive models Strength Stress-strain curves Static loads Finite element method Plasticity Urbanization Urban planning Urban heat island (UHI) Climate Thermal comfort Environment Green cons https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2021.16.5/ 1605.pdf