69439
2658-5553
AlfaBuild
1
1
1
2017
1-156
REV
RUS
7-15
Shimko
Dmitriy
195251, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Politechnicheskaya str., 29
Bondarchik
Olga
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
The problem of fresh water deficiency in the world
In the theoretical part of the study the main issue was to find out reasons why humanity face the water deficiency. Previous studies have indicated that water deficiency will increase because the population is growing, and its need increases in many areas. Besides, global climate change also leads to desertification and reduced water supply in many areas. Moreover, industrial wastes and toxins, flush fertilizer from agriculture and penetration of salt water through groundwater pumping are also making things worse. The results of the study show that the authorities have to decide how to get enough water, so that it does not destroy natural ecosystems. Also, application of new improved methods of desalination will help to prevent shortages of water and increase its availability. Consistent to earlier research the study supported the hypothesis that everyone should calculate how much fresh water he uses to understand the global problem of water supply. The recommendations based on the findings are to use fertilizers which are not dangerous for groundwater, construct reservoirs for groundwater storage and install the filters on the chimneys and water purification.
10.34910/ALF.1.1
502.1
freshwater supply
river pollution
water quality
freshwater use
groundwater resources
environmental problems
water management
groundwater recharge
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.1/
1_1.pdf
REV
RUS
16-26
Alekseeva
Liudmila
foxtyan@yandex.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Ignatovich
Alena
alenaignatovich239@gmail.com
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Concrete with fibre-reinforced plastic rebar in cottage construction
The choice of the rebar type is one of the most important problems in civil engineering and especially in cottage construction. Rebar must meet the requirements for the durability, ruggedness and corrosive resistance. This building material influences on the future condition of the whole cottage. Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRP rebar) was invented and started to be actively used abroad in the second half of the previous century. FRP rebar is less popular in Russia nowadays because people don’t “trust” this building material. Thus, the search and analysis of the characteristics of existing FRP rebar types that can be used in cottage construction is a practical problem. The purpose of the research was to examine three types of fiber-reinforced plastic rebar (glass-fiber reinforced plastic rebar, basalt-plastic rebar and carbon-fiber reinforced plastic rebar), estimate rationale for using of these types of rebar in cottage construction and to give the recommendations on further development of using fiber-reinforced plastic rebar in construction of cottages. In the theoretical part of the study the main issue was to determine whether fiber-reinforced plastic rebar can completely replace metallic one. The study proved that the usage of the fiber reinforced polymer composites eliminates the corrosion problems in civil engineering and cottage construction. The results of the study showed that it is essential to combine metallic and composite rebar to build a stable cottage. The study showed that glass-fiber reinforced rebar cannot be used in the conditions of temperature gradient. The experience of western countries was examined for better modelling of future prospects of FRP rebar using in Russia. Based on the findings, the recommendations on further development of using of FRP rebar in cottage construction are presented in this study.
10.34910/ALF.1.2
691.87
FRP rebar
corrosion problems
fiber reinforced polymer composites
corrosion resistance
building materials
structural design
civil engineering
buildings and structures
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.2/
2_1.pdf
REV
RUS
27-35
Gladkikh
Aleksandra
al.gladkikh98@mail.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Suprun
Ekaterina
Suprun.sea@gmail.com
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Inspection of barely accessible building's and construction's areas by dint of robots
Nowadays buildings examination and analysis require high precision and high results processing speed. For these purposes, robotic technologies are being gradually put into production. Advantages and disadvantages of different models were analyzed. On the basis of these conclusions about the promising directions of improvement of the devices were made. A common problem for all kinds of robots today is the accuracy of the processed results. Studies have shown that the use of ultrasonic waves for determining the damage level and the ability to make a three-dimensional model of the inspected object are one of the most important directions of development. The implementation of these functions for robots will lead to improvements in safety and productivity of the workflow.
10.34910/ALF.1.3
69.002.5
Buildings
construction
structural survey
dangerous building and structures
damage detection
robots
information processing
engineer communication
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.3/
3_1.pdf
REV
RUS
36-45
Tikhonova
Dar'ya
dashka.2014@bk.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Shumikhina
Anastasiya
Anastasya_1011@mail.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Sea surge floods in Saint-Petersburg
The complex nature of the wave structure of the oscillations is the reason for the variability of Baltic sea level. It was determined by the method of statistical data analysis. Surge wave and wind influence the local shape of the wave field which is a superposition of standing oscillations with random phases. Overlaying and mutual strengthening of these factors leads to the occurrence of such extreme events as flooding in the Eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The article discusses the solutions to this problem – the complex of protective structures, bypass channels, and a different mathematical model for the dynamics of surface water, to detect the occurrence of surge. Considered are the main protective structures of St. Petersburg from floods and proposed new solutions to the problem.
10.34910/ALF.1.4
69.034.3
gulf of Finland
floods
cyclonic activities
hydraulic structures
dams
coast protection
protective action
water levels
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.4/
4_1.pdf
REV
RUS
46-59
Popova
Elena
elena.ep1206@gmail.com
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Influence of architectural expression means of buildings on the exterior of streets
Big variety of architectural styles, expression means and technologies is one of the main current problem of construction. It leads to the accumulation of different styles buildings which are not collocate with each other and disturb the appearance of streets and cities in general. In this case it is necessary to develop the idea of preserving the harmonious appearance in the cities. By the method of analysis and during the process of exploring the problems it was established that despite the fact that Rosenstein’s houses are very different and present various architectural styles, they go well together and complement each other without violating the stylistic balance.
10.34910/ALF.1.5
72.06
Buildings
Sustainable development
Construction solutions
Architectural style
Expression means
Creation of living environment
Architectural designs
Urban planning.
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.5/
5_1.pdf
REV
RUS
60-88
15730895100
Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University
Gorshkov
Nikolai
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Urban planning experiments in St. Petersburg
The article contains an overview of the main stages of development of the city quarters in St. Petersburg. The territory of the city is conditionally divided into zones with the predominant development of urban neighborhoods. The main types of buildings located on the territory of St. Petersburg, design solutions and materials that were used in their construction during different periods of the city development are considered. The distribution of the number and density of the population in the administrative districts of the city is shown. Buildings built in the city in the pre-revolutionary period, characterized by a maximum variety of styles and architectural forms. However, in terms of population density, the central districts of the city are the most crowded. Wooden buildings, in a very limited number remaining in the city, require careful attitude and safety. Areas of low-rise buildings remain in some parts of the city, but are gradually absorbed by the city.
10.34910/ALF.1.6
711.581
Saint Petersburg
Architecture
construction
buildings
city
residential quarter
urban planning
elements of town planning system
residential area
houses of the first mass series
panel buildings
apartment building
urban habitat
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.6/
6_1.pdf
REV
RUS
89-98
Fedotov
Vladimir
fedotov-vova10@mail.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Semenov
Kirill
kvsemenov@bk.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Dobrogorskaya
Lyubov
lubashka_95@mail.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Videnkov
Nikita
xnickid@gmail.com
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Makeeva
Aleksandra
nicealexa@mail.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Aerogel-based innovative materials in civil engineering
Nowadays a lot of countries have national programs of nanotechnologies development. The application of those achievements becomes more popular in civil engineering. Aerogel is one of the innovative developments. The usage of materials based on aerogel in civil engineering has been analyzed in this article, particularly in civil engineering of Russian market segment. The perspectives of usage aerogel as construction material have been assessed.
10.34910/ALF.1.7
69
Nanotechnologies
aerogel
thermoinsulting materials
nanomaterials
translucent structures
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.7/
7_1.pdf
REV
RUS
99-110
Pepina
Liudmila
liudmila15pep@gmail.com
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Sozontova
Aleksandra
absentvvv@gmail.com
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Air Pollutant Emissions from roads vehicles
Nowadays the most actual problem of the big cities is air pollutant emissions from roads and mechanical vehicles, because they constitute the most important part in the urban realm. The purpose was to study reasons of air pollution by highway transportation and find out how to reduce these polluting emissions in the air. So the study objects in this article were polluting emissions, its chemical composition, arias of the maximum concentrations of repugnant substance. To avoid negative aftermath from the exhaust the gas or the alternative fuel have to be used in the mills of automobile transportation. It would help to stop further pollutions. Also the city lay-out has the great importance for the amount of toxic substances in the air. The city should have special location considering wind rose. And in the places there the wind enters the city and gets out of the city should be planted landscaped areas. These landscaped areas would clean the air in the city and out of it. Likewise the urban green belt would have positive impact on air. The practical importance of this thesis was processing of new methods and technologies for solving the problem of air pollutant emissions from roads and mechanical vehicles to reduce the amount of harmful exhaust into atmosphere. Because clear air is the basis of the civic health.
10.34910/ALF.1.8
504.3.054
air pollution
vehicles
motor transport
transport emissions
air pollutant
emission reduction
exhaust gas
outdoor air
driving speed
polluting substance
dust content of air
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.8/
8_1.pdf
REV
RUS
111-120
Blazhko
Daniil
dan221098@gmail.com
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Guseva
Arina
gusevaarina1412@rambler.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Difficulties and possibilities of modern panel building
Nowadays large panel building construction is universally used technology because it is cost-cutting and the easiest way to build quickly erectable structures. The objective of research was to define the way to develop panel structures by evaluation of Russian and English articles concluding achievements in multistory housing construction. Also to find out merits and demerits. During the research were examined structures of panel buildings. The results of study show that joint is the weakest part of modern large panel buildings, so the further study is required to improve joints. The most suitable way to calculate joints is to do computer simulation for example in Lira 2017.
10.34910/ALF.1.9
69.01
strength of materials
building construction
computer simulation
engineering research
constructive solutions
large panel buildings
residential buildings
prefabricated concrete
quickly erectable structures
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.9/
9_1.pdf
REV
RUS
121-129
Povarenko
Daria
Dashalodgp@icloud.com
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Povarenko
Natalya
natalya_povarenko@mail.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Problems and prospects of multistory wooden construction
Nowadays wooden building is a perspective yet underrated for a number of reasons area of civil engineering. The purpose of the research was to figure out why it is not developed enough in Russia and to determine common directions of its growth. The study proved wooden structures to be as efficient as other building structures from points of different characteristics such as fire resistance and thermal insulation and capable of fully replacing concrete baring structures. The final results of this research show that using wooden structures can decrease weight, cost and time required to erect a building. It is proved by several examples of existing high-rise wooden buildings in developed countries.
10.34910/ALF.1.10
69.01
building
civil engineering
wooden building
building structures
wooden structures
fire resistance
materials properties
sustainable materials
high-rise building
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.10/
10_1.pdf
REV
RUS
130-145
Khrapkina
Elizaveta
liza-khrapkina@yandex.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Ecology of cities with various schemes of the street and road network
The growth and development of cities ensures a steady increase in the number of transport and road infrastructure. To analyze the existing situation, a comparison was made on this topic, collecting information on road systems of different cities in the world. The article examines the ways of urban planning and the types of the highway-road network. The maps of various cities of the world with violations of environmental safety are analyzed. During the research it was revealed that a huge number of factors affect the ecology of the city, however traffic of cars: congestion, improper high-speed mode on the roads due to unreasoned and illconceived planning of the street-road network - is the most devastating impact on the city. The analysis of advantages and disadvantages of types of road networks is carried out. Recommendations for planning and designing of construction and reconstruction of roads and streets of cities are determined. It is necessary to identify in more detail the impacts of existing natural and socio-economic systems and to make technical decisions to prevent or reduce the negative consequences
10.34910/ALF.1.11
711.4-163
urban networks
pollution
exhaust gases
roads and streets
urban ecology
urban planning
ferry system
applied ecology
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.11/
11_1.pdf
REV
RUS
146-156
Khusnutdinova
Alsu
husnutdinovaalsu@mail.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Muraveva
Maria
mariy-muraveva@mail.ru
195251, Russia, St. Petersburg, Polytechnic St., 29
Fresh water replenishment technologies
Fresh water is the most important source for maintaining of life and the main factor of sustainable development of all alive organisms. Growing population, expansion of production led to fast growing consumption of fresh water. The problem of deficiency of water resources becomes more extensive because of annual increase of water consumption. The aim of this article is to define the most optimum technology of fresh water replenishment. Having studied literature on this subject, we selected several methods of replenishment of reserves of fresh water: extraction of water from free air with using natural power factors, collecting rain water, bioengineering technologies with using of natural and technogenic systems; receiving fresh water by the stationary purifier "Rosa-1", ecological system for purification of a small-scale congestive water, and also the recirculative vertical bioreactor of a stream. Then compared them on three qualities: the cost of introduction of a method, efficiency and a serviceable life of equipment. By means of the analysis of results of comparison, we excreted the best technologies - collecting of rain water and bioengineering technologies with using of natural and technogenic systems, and the worst method - ecological system for purification of small-scale congestive water. We defined the best technology which will help to solve a problem of exhaustibility of water resources. Results of our research can be used for optimization of fresh water replenishment and further researches on this subject.
10.34910/ALF.1.12
691.87
bioengineering techniques
environment
fresh water consumption
fresh water resources
fresh water
receiving water
recreation
replenishment (water resources).
https://alfabuild.spbstu.ru/article/2017.1.12/
12_1.pdf