The object of research is to study the thermal characteristics of exterior wall structures. This work aims to study the influence of small-sized elements inside the wall on its thermal characteristics. Method. In this study, thermal engineering calculations were carried out manually following the regulatory documents of the Republic of Belarus and the program method using the ELCUT program. Thermal imaging of the studied sections of the wall was carried out. Results. It was shown that the presence of small-sized elements in the structural model would significantly impact the amount of heat flow of this enclosing structure, and considering small-sized elements in enclosing structures when designing is crucial to achieving thermal comfort indoors and energy efficiency of buildings.